Palette
The on-screen appearance of digital images, that is, the way the data are displayed, is defined by the display palette or look-up table. It relates the ...

Phase Contrast
Phase contrast was introduced in the 1930's for testing of telescope mirrors, and was adapted by Zeiss laboratories into a commercial microscope several years ...

Pixels
Digital images are made up of many thousands or even millions of tiny squares (or rectangles) called picture elements or pixels. Each pixel represents ...

Pleochroism
Depending on the crystallographic orientation minerals are able to absorb different ranges of wavelengths. This ability is called Pleochroism. If illuminated with unpolarised ...

Polarised Light Microscopy
The polarised light microscope is designed to observe and photograph specimens that are visible primarily due to their optically anisotropic character. In order to ...

Polishing
A polishing disk is covered with polishing cloth impregnated with a polishing medium (diamond particles) and a oily lubricant. Mostly two polishing steps ...

Polymer specimen
During the solidification of polymer melts there may be some organisation of the polymer chains, a process that is often dependent upon the annealing conditions. When nucleation occurs, ...