Reflected Darkfield Microscopy
Darkfield illumination with reflected light enables visualisation of grain boundaries, surface defects, and other features that are difficult or impossible to detect with ...

Reflectivity
Some minerals do not show transparency in thin sections. They are opaque. Opaque minerals can not be observed with a transmission light microscope. In this case a reflected ...

Relief
In thin sections grains appear in different textures, with different structural details, or with different “heights”. The physical reason for this appearance of relief is a difference between ...

Resolution of Digital Cameras
In general, the assumption is that two point sources of light can be resolved (separately imaged) if the centre of the Airy disk, generated by one of the sources, at most overlaps with the first ...

RGB Image Channels
Below is an RGB image taken with a standard matrix filter consumer camera, showing how it is composed of three different monochrome images that are fed into the three colour channels, red, green and blue, by ...

Rock formation
As well as providing information on component minerals, an examination of geological thin sections using polarising microscopy can ...